Schweizer's Reagent

Schweizer's reagent or tetraamminecopper(II) hydroxide, is a copper ammonium complex noteworthy for its ability to dissolve cellulose when concentrated. Its most common use, as would be expected, is the purification of cellulose and production of cellulose-based fibres.

Synthesis
Schweizer's reagent is made when copper(II) hydroxide is added to a concentrated ammonia solution. The reaction is complete when it forms a deep blue color or is no longer able to dissolve the hydroxide. If undissolved copper hydroxide remains it can be filtered to remove this. NEVER use a paper filter as it will dissolve and trap the excess hydroxide. Fritted glass is best suited for this purpose.

Use
To use Schweizer's reagent a source of copper is added it the solution and is allowed to dissolve. Once it is fully dissolved, the solution will become a thick jelly. this can then be added to a diluted acid solution to precipitate out the cellulose in the form of fibers. 10% hydrochloric or sulfuric acid are best suited for this process. A needle is recommended for this process in order to form thin uniform fibers.

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